Summary

Pennsylvania is located in the Northeastern region of the USA with Harrisburg as its capital.  Josh Shapiro (D) is Governor.

The Pennsylvania General Assembly has 50 Senate members and 203 House members.

OnAir Post: Pennsylvania onAir Hub

News

i
Latest Pennsylvania onAir News
December 20, 2023

The base content in each post in this Pennsylvania onAir Hub has been updated as of 12/20/23. In addition to the eight posts on the home page, in depth posts on each US House member and posts on Pennsylvania government and elections have been started. These posts have been shared with the US onAir Hub and will updated in the US onAir automatically when they are updated in this hub.

If your university or nonpartisan organization (such as a government focused research center, citizen engagement program or a League of Women Voters chapter) is interested in assisting the US onAir network to help curate new  issue posts or other posts on this Hub and moderate the forums in each post, contact Ben Murphy at Ben.Murphy@onair.cc.

We are also supporting college students to start an onAir chapter on the their campus to coordinate the curation and moderation of posts especially on state and local representatives and government.

About

This Pennsylvania onAir Hub supports Pennsylvanians to become more informed about and engaged in local, state, and federal politics while facilitating more civil and positive discussions with their representatives, candidates, and fellow citizens.

  • Pennsylvania onAir is one of 50 state governance and elections hubs that the US onAir Network is providing to help reinvigorate US democracy.  This post has short summaries of current state and federal representatives with links to their complete Hub posts.  Students curate post content from government, campaign, social media, and public websites.  Key content on the PennsylvaniaHub is also replicated on the US onAir nations Hub at: us.onair.cc.
  • Pennsylvania students will be forming onAir chapters in their colleges and universities to help curate Hub content.  As more students participate and more onAir chapters are started, we will expand to include more state and local content as well as increase the number of aircasts – student-led, livestreamed, online discussions with candidates, representatives, and the public.

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Web Links

State Representatives

Governor Josh Shapiro

Josh Shapiro - PACurrent Position: Attorney General since 2017
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Positions: Montgomery County commissioner from 2011 – 2017; State Delegate for District 153 from 2005 – 2011

At a young age, Shapiro started a worldwide letter-writing program, known as Children for Avi, on behalf of Russian Jewish refuseniks.  He started as legislative assistant to Senator Carl Levin, then served as a senior adviser to Representative Peter Deutsch, and then a senior advisor to Senator Robert Torricelli.[12] While working for Torricelli, Shapiro planned foreign affairs tours in the Middle East and Asia, including a trip to North Korea.

From 1999 to 2003, he worked as Chief of Staff to Representative Joe Hoeffel, who represented parts of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. While a state representative, Shapiro was one of the first public backers of then-Senator Barack Obama for president in 2008. From 2006 through 2017, Shapiro also practiced corporate law at the firm Stradley, Ronon, Stevens, and Young in Philadelphia.[

OnAir Post: Josh Shapiro – PA

US Representatives

Senator Bob Casey

Bob Casey - PA 1Current Position: US Senator since 2007
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Positions: Treasurer of Pennsylvania from 2005 – 2007; Auditor General of Pennsylvania from 1997 – 2005
Other Positions:  Chair, Subcommittee on Children and Families – Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions; Chair, Special Committee on Aging
Upcoming election: Running for another term

Casey is the son of Bob Casey Sr., a former governor of Pennsylvania. Casey practiced law in Scranton before beginning his political career as Pennsylvania’s auditor general.

Featured Quote: 
The #BetterCareBetterJobs Act would make President Biden’s proposal to invest in home and community-based services a reality and improve the lives of millions of seniors, people with disabilities, and home care workers. #BuildBackBetter

PA Sen. Bob Casey explains his decision to support blowing up the filibuster

OnAir Post: Bob Casey – PA

Senator John Fetterman

Current Position: US Senator since 2023
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lt. Governor 2019 to 2022; Mayor, Braddock, PA from 2006 – 2016

Fetterman studied finance at Albright College and earned an MBA from the University of Connecticut before beginning a professional career in the insurance industry. He went on to join AmeriCorps and earned a Master of Public Policy degree from Harvard University. Fetterman’s service with AmeriCorps led him to Braddock, where he moved in 2004 and was elected mayor the following year. As mayor, Fetterman sought to revitalize the former steel town through art and youth programs.

Generally described as a progressive and a populist, Fetterman advocates healthcare as a right, criminal justice reform, abolishing capital punishment, raising the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, and legalizing cannabis.

OnAir Post: John Fetterman – PA

Brian Fitzpatrick PA-O1

Brian Fitzpatrick PA-O1Current Position: US Representative of PA District 1 since 2017
Affiliation: Republican
Other Positions:  Subcommittee on Europe, Energy, the Environment, & Cyber; House Committee on Foreign Affairs

Fitzpatrick is a former Special Assistant United States Attorney and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) supervisory special agent in California. At the FBI, he served as a national supervisor for the Bureau’s Public Corruption Unit, and led the agency’s Campaign Finance and Election Crimes Enforcement program. During his time in the FBI, he spent time in Kyiv, Ukraine; Mosul, Iraq; and Washington, D.C. He was embedded with U.S. Special Forces as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Featured Quote: 
The Great American Outdoors Act passed the House one year ago today! This landmark bipartisan legislation will preserve and protect our nation’s public lands for generations, and I am proud to have led this effort.
 
Rep. Gottheimer and Rep. Fitzpatrick on reaching bipartisan infrastructure plan

OnAir Post: Brian Fitzpatrick PA-O1

Brendan Boyle PA-02

Brendan Boyle PA-02Current Position: US Representative of PA District 2 since 2015
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: State Delegate from 2009 – 2015
District:   includes all of Northeast Philadelphia and parts of North Philadelphia east of Broad Street, as well as portions of Philadelphia’s River Wards.
Upcoming Election:

After working for several years as a consultant with the United States Department of Defense, including Naval Sea Systems Command, he attended graduate school at Harvard Kennedy School, where he earned a Master of Public Policy.

Featured Quote: 
Dad immigrated to America when he was 19. Spent the next 50 years working in a warehouse and as a custodian. This week he attended the swearing-in ceremonies of both of his sons. Both @RepKevinBoyle
and I know we wouldn’t be where we are without his hard work & sacrifice.

OnAir Post: Brendan Boyle PA-02

Dwight Evans PA-03

Dwight Evans PA-03Current Position: US Representative of PA District 3 since 2017
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: State Delegate from 1981 – 2016
District:   several areas of the city of Philadelphia, including West Philadelphia, most of Center City, and parts of North Philadelphia.
Upcoming Election:

Evans was elected as the Democratic chairman of the House Appropriations Committee in 1990 and served in that capacity until November 2010. In 2010, the Philadelphia Tribune named Evans one of the 10 most influential African-Americans in the city.

Evans ran for mayor of Philadelphia twice. In 1999, in the race to succeed Ed Rendell, he finished fifth with 4.7% of the vote in a crowded primary won by John Street. In 2007, despite Rendell’s comment that Evans was the “best qualified” for mayor, he finished fifth again, taking only 7.82% of the vote.

Featured Quote: 
will proudly co-sponsor this #WealthTax bill that would raise an estimated $2.75 TRILLION over 10 years from just 75,000 families. We could use this for badly needed, job-creating #infrastructure repairs to our schools, housing, transit, roads and more!

OnAir Post: Dwight Evans PA-03

Madeleine Dean PA-04

Madeleine Dean  PA-04Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-17 since 2019
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lawyer; Pennsylvania House of Representatives 153rd district from 2012 to 2018
District: the majority of Montgomery County and most of Berks County northeast of Reading in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Upcoming Election:

After law school, Dean returned to the Philadelphia area and practiced law with the Philadelphia Trial Lawyers, going on to serve as executive director. She then opened a small, three-woman law practice in Glenside, and served as in-house counsel for her husband’s growing bicycle business.

She served 10 years as an assistant professor of English at her alma mater, La Salle University, in Philadelphia, where she taught writing and ethics.

OnAir Post: Madeleine Dean PA-04

Mary Gay Scanlon PA-05

Mary Gay Scanlon PA-05Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-17 since 2019
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lawyer
District:  all of Delaware County, an exclave of Chester County, a small portion of southern Montgomery County and a section of southern Philadelphia
Upcoming Election:

In 1985, Scanlon represented a sexually abused 11-year-old girl in a dependency case. This experience made Scanlon decide to pursue a career in public interest law.

Scanlon served as an attorney with the Education Law Center of Philadelphia, helping implement special education laws, before joining Ballard Spahr as pro bono counsel. There she helped coordinate the provision of free legal services to low-income recipients. She partnered with the Wills for Heroes Foundation, providing legal documents free of charge to first responders. She helped a young woman from Guinea who had sickle-cell disease obtain permanent residency.

In 2006, she was appointed vice chair of the Tax Commission. The following year, she joined the board of the Wallingford-Swarthmore School District and served as its president from 2009 to 2011. She continued as a member of the board until 2015.

OnAir Post: Mary Gay Scanlon PA-05

Chrissy Houlahan PA-06

Chrissy Houlahan PA-06Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-06 since 2019
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Engineer, and former United States Air Force officer
District: portion of Berks County including the city of Reading and its southeastern suburbs.
Upcoming Election:

Houlahan, citing her idols as Indiana Jones and Sally Ride, earned her bachelor’s degree in Engineering from Stanford University. Houlahan spent three years on United States Air Force active duty at Hanscom Air Force Base. There, she served as a project manager working on air and space defense technologies.

Houlahan went to work for the start-up sportswear company AND1 as Chief Operating Officer. Houlahan became Chief Operating Officer of B-Lab, a non-profit start-up, when AND1 was sold. She joined Springboard Collaborative, a Philadelphia-based nonprofit focusing on early childhood literacy in underserved populations nationwide serving as both president and CFO/COO

OnAir Post: Chrissy Houlahan PA-06

Susan Wild PA-07

Susan Wild  PA-07Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-07 since 2018
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Attorney
District: parts of the Philadelphia suburbs, including most of Delaware County, along with portions of Chester, Montgomery, Berks, and Lancaster Counties
Upcoming Election:

Wild spent the last two months of 2018 as the member for Pennsylvania’s 15th congressional district after Charlie Dent resigned in 2018. From September 2022 to January 2023 , she was chair of the House Ethics Committee. She continues to sit on the committee as ranking member. She also co-chairs the New Democrat Coalition Climate Change Task Force and is vice chair of both the Congressional Labor and Working Families Caucus and the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations. Wild is the first woman to represent the Lehigh Valley in Congress.

OnAir Post: Susan Wild PA-07

Matt Cartwright PA-08

Matt Cartwright PA-08Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-08 since 2013
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lawyer
District:   all of Wayne, Pike, and Lackawanna Counties; along with portions of Luzerne and Monroe counties anchored by Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and the Poconos.
Upcoming Election:

For 24 years, Cartwright worked as an attorney and partner at Munley, Munley and Cartwright, a Scranton firm representing victims, consumers and small businesses in personal and business litigation.

Between 2005 and 2011, Cartwright was the on-air legal analyst for The Law & You. In the segment, aired nightly as part of NBC affiliate WBRE-TV’s evening newscast, he fielded viewer questions on legal matters.

OnAir Post: Matt Cartwright PA-08

Dan Meuser PA-09

Dan Meuser PA-09Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-09 since 2019
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Businessman; Secretary of Revenue in the cabinet of Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett
District:   east central part of the state and encompasses all of Bradford, Columbia, Lebanon, Montour, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Sullivan, Susquehanna, and Wyoming counties, as well as parts of Berks, Luzerne, and Lycoming counties.
Upcoming Election:

He was previously president of the Pride Corporation, a manufacturer of motorized wheelchairs in the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton metro area of Pennsylvania, and currently serves the company as a board member and consultant. He has testified before Congress regarding the criticality for federal practices surrounding rights and caring for the disabled.

OnAir Post: Dan Meuser PA-09

Scott Perry PA-10

Scott Perry PA-10Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-16 since 2022
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: U.S. Army National Guard brigadier general and Contract Construction company
District:  central region of the state. It encompasses all of Dauphin County as well as parts of Cumberland County and York County. The district includes the cities of Harrisburg and York.
Upcoming Election:

Perry was elected chairman of the House Freedom Caucus, the most conservative House Republican group. Perry participated in attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. Perry attempted to replace Pennsylvania’s electors.

Perry and his family were on public assistance for several years during his youth. Perry began working at age 13, picking fruit at Ashcombe’s Farm in Mechanicsburg. Since then, he has worked as a mechanic, dock worker, draftsman and a licensed insurance agent, among other jobs. He graduated from Pennsylvania’s Officer Candidate School and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery.

OnAir Post: Scott Perry PA-10

Lloyd Smucker PA-11

Lloyd Smucker PA-11Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-16 since 2017
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Commercial construction firm; Pennsylvania State Senate for the 13th district from 2009 to 2016
District:    Lancaster County and most of southern York County.
Upcoming Election:

For 25 years, he served as president of the Smucker Company, a family-owned commercial construction firm in Smoketown[4] that received $4.83 million in PPP loans in 2020 and 2021 that were subsequently forgiven.

Smucker was a member of the West Lampeter Township Planning Commission for four years before serving two terms as a township supervisor.

OnAir Post: Lloyd Smucker PA-11

Summer Lee PA-12

Summer Lee PA-12 1Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-12 since 2023
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lawyer; Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 34th district from 2019 to 2022
District:   southwestern Pennsylvania, including Pittsburgh and much of Allegheny County, as well as some of Westmoreland County.
Upcoming Election:

Lee became the first black woman to represent Southwestern Pennsylvania in the state legislature. She campaigned for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primaries after graduating.

OnAir Post: Summer Lee PA-12

John Joyce PA-13

John Joyce PA-13Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-13 since 2019
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Dermatologist
District:   all of Adams, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Mifflin, and Perry counties.
Upcoming Election:

He completed his medical residency in internal medicine and dermatology at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Founder, Altoona Dermatology Associates, present. Former Clinical Instructor, Johns Hopkins Hospital

OnAir Post: John Joyce PA-13

Guy Reschenthaler PA-14

Guy Reschenthaler PA-14Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-15 since 2019
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Attorney, judge, and U.S. Navy veteran.
District:   southwestern part of the state and includes all of Fayette County, Greene County, and Washington County, and most of Indiana, Westmoreland, and Somerset counties.
Upcoming Election:

Guy Reschenthaler was previously a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 37th district. He served as a district judge and in the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps (JAG) during the Iraq War. He is serving as the Republican Chief Deputy Whip in the 118th Congress.

OnAir Post: Guy Reschenthaler PA-14

Glenn Thompson PA-15

Glenn Thompson PA-15Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-15 since 2008
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Businessman
District:  Armstrong, Cameron, Centre, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, Snyder, Tioga, Union, and Warren counties and parts of Indiana, Lycoming, and Venango counties.
Upcoming Election:

Since 2023, he has chaired the House Agriculture Committee.

Thompson worked for 28 years as a Therapist/Rehab Services Manager/Licensed Nursing Home Administrator in Lycoming County and chaired the Centre County Republican Committee for six years. He has spent 25 years as a member or president of the Howard Volunteer Fire Company 14, and volunteers as a firefighter, emergency medical technician, and rescue technician.

OnAir Post: Glenn Thompson PA-15

Mike Kelly PA-16

Mike Kelly PA-16Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-16 since 2011
Affiliation: Republican
Former Position: Businessman
District:  all of Erie County, Crawford County, Mercer County, Lawrence County, Butler County, and parts of Venango County
Upcoming Election:

A member of the Republican Party, Kelly is known for his support of Donald Trump, characterizing the 2019 effort to impeach Trump as akin to Pearl Harbor and filing a lawsuit in state court to invalidate all mail-in ballots cast in Pennsylvania during the 2020 United States presidential election.

fter college, Kelly worked for his father’s Chevrolet/Cadillac car dealership. In 1995, he took over the business, and added Hyundai and KIA to its lineup. Kelly’s car dealerships received Paycheck Protection Program loans of between $450,000 and $1.05 million to keep staff on the payroll during the coronavirus pandemic.

OnAir Post: Mike Kelly PA-16

Chris Deluzio PA-17

Chris Deluzio PA-17 1Current Position: US House of Representatives PA-17 since 2023
Affiliation: Democrat
Former Position: Lawyer, Policy Director at Pitt Cyber and previously at the Brennan Center for Justice; Officer in the Navy
District:   southwestern Pennsylvania, which includes the entirety of Beaver County and the northwestern parts of Allegheny County not part of the 12th district.
Upcoming Election:

After graduating from the Naval Academy, Deluzio deployed to Iraq as a naval officer from 2006 to 2012. He later worked as a litigation associate at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz in New York City before joining the Brennan Center of Justice to work on voting rights and election security issues.

Deluzio was then named a legal and policy scholar of the University of Pittsburgh Institute for Cyber Law, Policy, and Security.

OnAir Post: Chris Deluzio PA-17

More Information

Wikipedia


The Government of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is the governmental structure of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as established by the Pennsylvania Constitution. It is composed of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The state capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg.

Executive branch

The elected officers are:

In Pennsylvania the term for all elected members of the executive branch is four years, with a maximum of two terms. All members of the executive branch are not on the ballot in the same year: elections for governor and lieutenant governor are held in even years when there is not a presidential election, while the other three statewide offices are elected in presidential election years.

Departments

The Governor’s Cabinet comprises the directors of various Commonwealth agencies:[1]

The Health and Welfare Building within the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex

The Pennsylvania Bulletin is the weekly gazette containing proposed, enacted and emergency rules and other notices and important documents, which are codified in the Pennsylvania Code.[2][3]

Legislature

The Pennsylvania State Capitol

The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the bicameral state legislature composed of 253 members: the House of Representatives with 203 members,[4] and the Senate with 50 members.[5] The Speaker of the House of Representatives or their designated speaker pro tempore holds sessions of the House. The President of the Senate is the Lieutenant Governor, who has no vote except in the event of tie in the Senate, where the vote is 25-25. The legislature meets in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg. Its session laws are published in the official Laws of Pennsylvania,[6] which are codified in the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes.[7][8] Members of the Senate and the House cannot hold a position in any civic office, and both the houses may expel a member with two-thirds vote. Any member who is expelled for corruption may never run again for reelection in either portion of the legislature.[9]

Judicial branch

The Pennsylvania Judicial Center within the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex

Pennsylvania is divided into 60 judicial districts,[10] most of which (except Philadelphia) have magisterial district judges (formerly called district justices and justices of the peace), who preside mainly over minor criminal offenses and small civil claims. Magisterial District Judges also preside over preliminary hearings in all misdemeanor and felony criminal cases.[10] Most criminal and civil cases originate in the Courts of Common Pleas, which also serve as appellate courts to the district judges and for local agency decisions.[10] The Superior Court hears all appeals from the Courts of Common Pleas not expressly designated to the Commonwealth Court or Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. It also has original jurisdiction to review warrants for wiretap surveillance.[10] The Commonwealth Court is limited to appeals from final orders of certain state agencies and certain designated cases from the Courts of Common Pleas.[10] The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the final appellate court. All judges in Pennsylvania are elected; the chief justice is determined by seniority.[10]

In total, 439 judges preside over the Court of Common Pleas, 9 judges preside over the Commonwealth Court, 15 judges preside over the Superior Court, and 7 justices preside over the Supreme Court. Elected judges run in 10 year terms, at which point they are required to run in a non-partisan retention election if they wish to continue to serve.[11]

Local government

Local government in Pennsylvania consists of five types of local governments: county, township, borough, city, and school district.[12] All of Pennsylvania is included in one of the state’s 67 counties and each county is then divided into one of the state’s 2,562 municipalities. There are no independent cities or unincorporated territory within Pennsylvania. Local municipalities are either governed by statutes enacted by the Pennsylvania Legislature and administered through the Pennsylvania Code, by a home rule charter or optional form of government adopted by the municipality with consent of the Legislature.[13] Municipalities may enact and enforce local ordinances.[14]

Pennsylvania enacted the Local Government Commission in 1935, by an Act of Assembly. The commission is one of the oldest in the country, composed of five members of the state Senate and House of Representatives who are appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House. The commission provides assistance to Members of the General Assembly on researching local issues.[15]

Law enforcement

Unlike other states, Pennsylvania does not use county sheriff’s offices to patrol areas without local police. Some municipalities elect to create or co-create local police departments, particularly to get better response times, have specific patrols of areas, and/or to enforce local ordinances. Others choose to only have part-time departments, with Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) filling the remainder of duties, or to use the PSP as the sole law enforcement agency. Any municipality may choose not to have a police department, and there is no extra cost for fully relying on the PSP. As of 2016 1,287 municipalities in the state used the PSP as their only local law enforcement, making up about 50% of the state’s municipalities.[16] The full PSP municipalities that have a population of 10,000 or below combined have about 17% of the total number of people in Pennsylvania; these municipalities make up about 50% of the total municipalities in the state. About 80% of Pennsylvania residents live in areas with part-time or full-time police coverage, and those areas combined are 49% of the municipalities in the state.[17] In 2019, about 66% of the municipalities in the state had PSP as the sole law enforcement or had a part-time police force combined with PSP.[18] Any municipality using PSP may collect about 50% of the funds from any relevant traffic stops which result in ticketed drivers.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ “Cabinet and Executive Staff”. Governor of Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  2. ^ “Reader’s Guide to the Pennsylvania Bulletin and Pennsylvania Code” (PDF). Pennsylvania Bulletin. 31 (7). Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau: 919. February 17, 2001.
  3. ^ “About the Pennsylvania Code”. Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  4. ^ “Members of the House”. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  5. ^ “Members of the Senate”. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  6. ^ “Pennsylvania Session Laws > Introduction to Pamphlet Laws”. Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  7. ^ Prince, Mary Miles (2001). Prince’s Bieber Dictionary of Legal Citations (6th ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. p. 343. ISBN 1-57588-669-3. LCCN 2001024375.
  8. ^ “Pennsylvania Session Laws > FAQ”. Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  9. ^ “Pennsylvania State Legislature – System”. system.uslegal.com. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Judicial districts Archived August 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ “Judicial selection in Pennsylvania – Ballotpedia”. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  12. ^ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Constitution. Article III Section 20.
  13. ^ The Pennsylvania Manual, Page 6-3.
  14. ^ Solicitor’s Handbook (3rd ed.). Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development. April 2003. pp. 1–4, 15–18.
  15. ^ keenthemes. “-CUSTOMER VALUE-“. -CUSTOMER VALUE-. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  16. ^ a b Klibanoff, Eleanor (May 4, 2016). “Half of Pa. municipalities rely fully on state police”. WHYY-TV. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  17. ^ “State Police Coverage of Municipalities” (PDF). Pennsylvania House of Representatives. February 15, 2019. p. 2/6. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  18. ^ “State Police Coverage of Municipalities” (PDF). Pennsylvania House of Representatives. February 15, 2019. p. 1/6. Retrieved July 23, 2024.